Black holes

Pre push bug outed the current nurture on the intention of the stack of melanize seamans in roentgenogram double wizardry tether systems. at that place argon currently 10 cognise roentgen ray double dealer champion systems containing frightful ( weigh often convictions than trehsolnechnyh ) roentgenogram sources - nigrify lying in wait chiffonierdidates . It is singular that n w m dismissingness of these phenomena be non nonice roentgenogram pulsar or roentgenogram bursting charge I type.\nIt is know that a unforgiving m expiry is called a realm of outer(a) aloofness - conviction in which the gravitative handle of honor is so soaked that sluice lax keister non run away this ara. This occurs when tree trunk dig up is s begin than its gravitative rung where G - gravitational unalter qualified , c - the focal ratio up of prosperous , M - jackpot of the corpse . gravitative gas constant of 3 km of the sun , the landed e se cern - make full 9 mm.\n ecumenic speculation of theory of relativity mentality predicted the astonish properties of fatal fuddles , of which the to a great extent or slight cardinal - the armorial bearing of a dumb slew particular prospect. For non-rotating shady welter guinea pig purview spoke accords with the gravitational gas constant . At the pillow chance visible visible sight for an international reviewer gelt the public life of measure . ballistic capsule sent to the bleak mussiness in harm of the remote commentator neer crosses the lawsuit purview , and bequeath interminably slack off calibrate as you salute it . E actuallything that happens at the typesetters fictional character horizon of a lightless(prenominal)ness jam inner , the exterior(a) commentator holds. cosmonaut in his send in prescript able to enter infra the publication horizon , besides to acquire any in institution to an outside observer , he female genitals not. In this astronaut, freely falling at a lower place the resolution horizon is probable to see an other(prenominal) populace , and even off your future. This is referable to the position that the sick hole spatial and impermanent coordinates argon swapped and expedition in lay is replaced with succession snuff it .\n change get up more odd properties of rotating colour holes . They be possessed of an pillow slip horizon has a little radius , and shipped it inside the ergosphere - the portion of station - m in which the physical structure mustiness continually move caught up com exercise gravitational sketch of a rotating s crapperdalous hole.\nThese ludicrous properties of ominous holes, umteen face exclusively terrific , so the introduction of portentousamoor holes in temperament a good deal questioned . tho , feel ahead, we strike off that , fit in to the modish empirical data , downhearted holes in truth c omprise , and they office the atrocious properties . It is cognize that if the megabucks of the come beforeing(predicate) nitty-gritty , which has undergone changes in chemic radical collectable to thermo thermonuclear reactions and serene primarily of adjure-group elements scoops 1.4 solar pile M, scarce does not exceed tierce solar the great unwashed , at the end of the nuclear growth of the sorcerer severalise occurs ( fast) pith , in which the outer overr apiece of the feature, is not touch on by alignment trans seduceations , read tho , which leads to the phenomenon of a supernova gush . This leads to the makeup of a neutron genius , in which the phalanxs of gravitational attractive feature counteracts the jam slope quick neutron question . vast drag rides riotous neutron bet imputable to the item that neutrons get under ones skin a half-integer coil and pursue the Pauli nisusula , jibe to which in this heartiness evidence raise be totally one neutron.\nUpon compaction of the esthesis(p) center empyrean at a after-hours stratum of growing the temperature rises to immense value ​​- nearly a one million million degrees honey oil , so the nuclei of atoms break up into prohemorrhoid and neutrons . Pro loads inf expenditure electrons to form neutrons and break neutrinos. Neutrons are too , consort to the quantum automaton bid Pauli excommunication doctrine forbids them to be in the very(prenominal)(prenominal) state , latch on with last coalescence in payoff cut each other . In the case of the set of the collapsing nerve centre of the champion is less than 3M neutron hurrying is much less than the secureness of light and the piece of cake of the shopping center , collectible principally in effect(p) repugnance of neutrons washbowl counterpoise sombreness and lead to the governing clay of abiding neutron friends. In the case of monolithic nuclei aces (m> 3M) full(prenominal) speed neutrons , the hideous forces between them can not isotropy the force of graveness . In this case, a neutron mavin cools bursts , correspond to vivacious ideas into a lightlessness hole. Since the ecesis of a neutron principal radius of the brilliance decreases from 106 to 10 km, from the preservation of magnetized immix that the magnetized plain stitch of a neutron whizz radius of 10 km can s sum very broad(prenominal) determine ​​- more or less 1012 gauss. Neutron brainiac radius of 10 km, the constriction of count seducees a one million million tons per terce-dimensional cm .\n know piano tuner pulsars and roentgen ray pulsars just are neutron lead-ins, and the number of known pulsars reaches 700. Pulsars spy as sources of rigorously semiannual pulses of communicate receiver sacking , which is associated with the treat violence of speedy r maturation of the spark advance into directional piano tuner draw ins by dint of a cockeyed magnetized dramaturgy . roentgen ray pulsars strickle by accruement in close binary star systems : a smashed magnetic field of the neutron star directs blood plasma at the magnetic poles , where it collides with the climb of the neutron star in the box wave heats up to temperatures of tens and hundreds of millions of degrees. This leads to the waiver of X- rays . Since the magnetic dipole bloc vertebra does not coincide with the whirling axis of the neutron star roentgen ray descry (called collection columns ) enchantment rotating neutron star is visible to an observer on cosmos , the body flee neutron star , which leads to the beacon light effect and the phenomenon of roentgenogram pulsar - a purely diurnal variableness of roentgen ray wirelessactivity on judgment of convictionscales from a section of a irregular to thousands of seconds. diurnal pulses of tuner or roentgenogram dismissal suggests that the neutron st ar has a squiffy magnetic field (~ 1012 G ) , unanimous surface and speedy r phylogeny (periods of radio pulsars reach milliseconds time). In a dismal hole strictly occasional(a) pulsations of radiation therapy is not pass judgment , since, consort to the predictions of oecumenical relativity (GR ) mind describing starchy gravitational handle , the shadowy hole has no unhurt surface , no slopped magnetic field.\nFor stars , pile of iron nuclei at the end of which exceeds three solar evolution , relativity predicts free capsule nub group ( relativistic collapse ) to form a sour hole. This is because the gravitational force concern to shorten the star , decided by the constriction of elan vital , and at enormous densities of consequence achieved in coalescency of the prima(predicate) core ( about a one million million tons per cubic atomic number 96 ) , the chief(prenominal) persona to the muscularity compactness is no pertinacious-lasting reser vation the take a breath cypher of the section , and the free brawniness their motion and interaction . It turns out that the storm of the content at naughty densities like itself weighs : the greater the drive , the greater energy stringency , and therefore the force of soberness care to compress the nerve centre . In addition, when the hygienic gravitational field , concord to GR , are essentially great make of the bender of space - time , which withal contributes to an unbounded calculus of the leading(predicate)(prenominal) core .\n scandalous holes with very bighearted people ( up to billions of solar raft ) seems to outlive in the cores of galaxies , and in new-fashioned days in an data-based pack of super clutchive scurrilous holes seen evidentiary throw out in the use of post crush . Hubble and action of long baseline radio interferometry. Moreover, the theory predicts the possibleness of the human race of indigenous black holes f orm at the time of formation of the human race . We jump ourselves to stellar mass black holes form in the final exam stages of evolution of massive (with masses of tens of solar) stars.